Category: Blog

SPAN (Switch Port Analyzer)

span SWITCH PORT ANALYZER

What is SPAN? SPAN (Switch Port Analyzer) is a network protocol that collects and forwards switch traffic to the SPAN port for analysis. SPAN is also referred to as Port Mirroring or Port Monitoring. It can be enabled on both physical ports and VLANs.   Attributes of SPAN (Switch Port Analyzer) The attributes of the Switch Port Analyzer are: All ports related to a given session (whether source or destination) must belong to the same VLAN. If you don’t specify any interface in the port monitor command then all other ports belonging to the same VLAN as the interface will Read More …

Cisco NetFlow

cisco-netflow

NetFlow is a network protocol designed by Cisco which is used for collecting IP traffic information and monitoring network flow. By analyzing NetFlow data, you can get a picture of network flow and volume. Traffic can be grouped and analyzed based on different criteria like interface, source IP, destination IP, IP protocol, source/destination TCP/UDP port and service type. Routers and switches that support NetFlow can collect IP traffic statistics as NetFlow records towards at least one NetFlow collector server that does the actual traffic analysis.   Popular NetFlow Analyzer Software Popular NetFlow Analyzer Software Solutions are: SolarWinds NTA (NetFlow Traffic Read More …

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

ospf-routing-protocol

What is OSPF? OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is an open source dynamic routing protocol based on Link State Routing Algorithm for IP Networks. It has a Protocol Type/Class which is based on IP/Link-State. OSPF uses an Algorithm called SPF (Dijkstra) to determine the shortest path. It is an IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) Type of protocol and it uses Cost (Bandwidth) as its metric value. OSPF has 5 no. of packet types and has an Admin Distance of 110. It has a Reference Bandwidth of 108 and has a defined Standard of IETF RFC2328 (OSPFv2), IETF RFC2740 (OSPFv3/IPv6) for OSPF Read More …

Static and Default Routing

static-default-routing

Static and Default Routing are two types of routing in which the path selection is controlled manually by a network administrator. STATIC ROUTING “It is a type of fixed routing in which path selection and routing is controlled manually by a network admin”. Static routes have Admin Distance (AD) of 1. Path selection  and routing is manually controlled by a network administrator in static routing. Static routes are always preferred over Dynamic routing protocols like OSPF/RIP/BGP. They consume less resources and less bandwidth intensive. Static Routes are not fault tolerant (paths are always fixed). Therefore, they are not practical for Read More …

Crunch Wordlist generator (Kali Linux)

Crunch-Wordlist-Generator

Crunch Wordlist generator is a tool which comes by default with Kali Linux. It can create a wordlist based on criteria you specify. The output from crunch can be sent to the screen, file, or to another program. The required parameters are: min-len The minimum length string you want crunch to start at. This option is required even for parameters that won’t use the value. max-len The maximum length string you want crunch to end at. This option is required even for parameters that won’t use the value. charset string You may specify character sets for crunch to use on Read More …

Cisco has announced 50% Off on all Exams fee!

Cisco Discount on exams

Cisco has officially announced a 50% off discount on all exam fee today which is valid till 16-May 2021. This is a very Good News for all students who have been planning to attempt their Cisco CCNA, CCNP-1 OR ENCOR exam recently. So, if you were planning to attempt the exam, then this is the best opportunity for you to avail this cisco discount offer. We have prepared a short video on this, plz watch it now. Official Cisco website (as shown in this video): https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/s/cisco-certifications-and-training-offers Please read all detail yourself from above Cisco official website. Below are some important Read More …

Bit Error Rate & BERT Meter (part2)

Bit Error rate control & Bit Error testing (BERT) is crucial to network performance especially for Ethernet, SDH, DWDM and OTN Networks that are based on Optical transmission.   What is a BERT Meter (BER Tester)? A BERT Meter is an electronic device that is used to measure the Bit Error Rate. There are many equipment vendors that manufacturer that sell BER Testers. Some of the popular companies are JDSU, Anritsu and EXFO. However, their prices & features vary a lot. Below is one of the famous BERT Meter model as an example (courtesy JDSU).       How to Read More …

Bit Error Rate & BERT Meter (part1)

Bit Error Rate & BERT

Performance of the transmission system is of crucial importance to communication quality of the whole communication network. Good performance can be achieved through proper control over Bit Error Rate & BERT. The major factors affecting the performance of SDH transmission network includes bit error, jitter and wander. So, what are the Bit Errors? Why are they so important to control? Do the Bit errors affect my network performance? These are some of the questions that every network engineer and optical transmission engineer must know. Let’s dissect these questions & their answers one by one. “Bit Error is the amount of Read More …